Nd: YAG one of the mature developed laser crystals which is obtained by doping Nd ion into YAG crystal. The absorption bandwidth of Nd:YAG laser crystal are 730-760 nm and 790-820 nm, and usually pumped by flashtube or laser diode. The typical laser emission peak is 1064 nm, the wavelength of 946 nm, 1120 nm, 1320 nm and 1440 nm lasers can be emitted too through some measures, Q-switch and lock mode are adapted to obtain laser with different wavelength (532 nm, 266 nm, 213 nm etc.) and pulse width (10-25 ns) respectively, which makes the huge application in biophysics, medicine, military, machine, scientific research and architecture etc.. Commonly, the high concentration doped crystal is applied into pulse laser and the low concentration doped one is usually used in continuous wave output.
Physical and Chemical Properties
| Crystal Structure | cubic – la3d |
| Lattice Constants | 12.01 Å |
| Density | 4.56 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1950 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1@25°C) | 0.14 W |
| Specific Heat/(J·g-1·K-1) | 0.59 |
| Rupture Stress | 1.3-2.6*103 kg/cm2 |
| Thermal Expansion /（10-6·K-1@25°C ） | [100] Orientation–8.2 |
| [110] Orientation–7.7 | |
| [111] Orientation–7.8 | |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Young`s Modulus/GPa | 317 |
| Shear Modulus/Gpa | 54.66 |
| Extinction Ratio | 25 dB |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.25 |
Optical and Spectral Properties
| Laser Transition | 4F3/2 →> 4I11/2 |
| Photon Energy | 1.86×10-19 J |
| Laser Transition Wavelength, λl (nm) | 1064 |
| Pump Transition Wavelength, λp (nm) | 808 |
| Pump Transition Bandwidth, Δλp (nm) | <4 |
| Laser Transition Bandwidth, Δλl (nm) | ~0.6 |
| Pump Transition Peak Cross Section, σp (E-20 cm2) | 6.7 |
| Laser Transition Peak Cross Section, σl (E-20 cm2) | 28 |
| Pump Transition Saturation Intensity, φp (kW/cm2) | 12 |
| Laser Transition Saturation Intensity, φl (kW/cm2) | 2.6 |
| Laser Transition Saturation Fluence, Γl,sat (J/cm2) | 0.6 |
| Minimum Pump Intensity, Imin (kW/cm2) | ~0 |
| Upper Laser Manifold Lifetime, τ(msec) | 0.26 |
| Quantum Defect Fraction | 0.24 |
| Fractional Heat Generation | 0.37 |
| Refractive Index | 1.8197 @1.064 µm |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 230 µs |
Absorption and Emission Spectrum
Material and Specifications
| Nd Concentration Tolerance (atm%) | 0.1- 2.5(+/-0.1)atm% |
| Orientation | [001] or [110] or [111] <±0.5° |
| Parallelism | 10〞 |
| Perpendicularity | 5ˊ |
| Surface Quality | 10-5(MIL-O-13830A) |
| Wavefront Distortion | λ/4@632 nm |
| Surface Flatness | λ/8@632 nm |
| Clear Aperture | >95 % |
| Chamfer | <0.2×45° |
| Length Tolerance | +0.5/-0mm |
| Thickness/Diameter Tolerance | ±0.05 mm |
| Maximum Dimensions | dia (3~12.7)×(3~150) mm |
| Damage Threshold | >750 MW/cm2@1064 nm 10 ns 10 Hz |
| Chips | <0.1 mm |
| Extinction Ratio | >30 dB(depends on actual sizes ) |
| Barrel Finish | 400 grit |
High gain coefficient
Low lasing threshold
Excellent optical, mechanical and physical properties
High slope efficiency
Wide absorption bandwidth
Material Processing
Optical Communication
Radar and Ranging
Holography
Medical Applications
Laser rangefinder
Laser cosmetic instrument
Laser marker
Laser medicine